Patañjali's Yogasūtra II.18 | Explained By Viniyoga® Expert Dr Kausthub Desikachar

Yogasūtra II.18 - prakāśa-kriyā-sthiti-śīlaṁ bhāta-indriya-ātmakaṁ bhoga- apavarga-arthaṁ dṛśyam

What distinguishes the Seer and the seen? The following Sūtra-s clarify this.

The nature of the seen consists of [the three Guṇa-s,] radiance, activity and inertia. It is made up of the [five] elements and the [eleven] senses. Its purpose is to allow the Seer to experience [the world] and gain liberation.

In this Sūtra, Pataïjali describes Prakṛti, that which is seen, consistently with Sāṁkhya philosophy. Prakṛti consists of the three Guṇa-s. They are Sattva, (source of Prakāśa, radiance or lightness), Rajas (source of Kriyā, movement or activity) and Tamas (source of Sthiti), inertia. Prakṛti is also made up of the five elements - Pṛthvī (earth), Ap (water), Agni (fire), Vāyu (wind) and Ākāśa (space).

The eleven sensory organs, which include the five senses of perception, five senses of action, and mind, are also part of the seen. The five sense organs of perception (jñāna-indriya-s) are hearing (śabda), touch (sparśa), vision (rūpa), taste (rasa) and smell (gandha). The five sense organs of action (karma- indriya-s) are speech (vāk), grasping / gripping (pāṇi), motion (pāda), reproduction (upastha), and elimination (pāyu).

These are all part of the seen, not the Seer. The seen is constantly changing because it is constituted from the Guṇa-s, while the Seer, being devoid of the Guṇa-s, does not change.

Excerpt from Truth Unclouded by TKV Desikachar & Dr Kausthub Desikachar


Dr. Kausthub Desikachar is the successor and current lineage holder of the classical Yoga tradition of T Krishnamacharya & TKV Desikachar. He is an acclaimed yoga teacher, yoga therapist, healer and spiritual adviser. His objectives include the sharing of the authentic teachings of Yoga to the modern era, as well as building bridges between different healing modalities to promote physical, emotional social and spiritual health.

He is the founder of Viniyoga Pte. Ltd. and also the co-founder of Krishnamacharya Healing & Yoga Foundation, India, and founder and president of Europe based, KHYF International.


Dr Kausthub Desikachar is a champion of women’s empowerment and guides many of his female students to embody their strength. To view his interviews with Viniyoga Women, visit this page here - https://www.viniyoga.com.sg/viniyoga-women

He also offers a Mantra blog, where students can listen to different Mantras from the Vedic Tradition. To benefit from this, visit here - https://www.viniyoga.com.sg/mantra

Dr. Kausthub Desikachar also assists many clients in their healing journey that includes mental health issues. He regularly writes articles on Mental Health issues and these can be found here - https://www.viniyoga.com.sg/mental-health

Being an amazing Yoga Therapist and Spiritual guide, Dr Kausthub Desikachar also offers insightful mentoring through private consultations, which can be taken either face-to-face or online. To book a session with him, kindly visit his private consultations page by clicking here>

Apart from Yoga Teaching, Kausthub is also an avid photographer, inspirational writer and poet. To view, some of his inspirations, visit the website www.kausthubdesikachar.com